E kiia ana hoki te koranu pāmahana teitei he koranu kaha wera. E ai ki te hanganga o te matrix, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā rauemi ki ngā wāhanga e toru: te koranu nikara rino me te koranu chromium. E ai ki te momo whakaputa, ka taea te wehewehe ki te koranu tino rerekē me te koranu tino whakarewa.
He rauemi mata nui tēnei i roto i te ao rererangi. Koinei te rauemi matua mō te wāhanga pāmahana teitei o ngā miihini rererangi me te hanga waka rererangi. Ko te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana mō te hanga rūma mura, te mata tāpine, te mata ārahi, te kōpae kōpeke me te tāpine, te pouaka tāpine me ētahi atu wāhanga. Ko te awhe pāmahana ratonga ko te 600 ℃ - 1200 ℃. Ka rerekē te ahotea me ngā āhuatanga taiao i runga i ngā wāhanga e whakamahia ana. He tino whakaritenga mō ngā āhuatanga miihini, ā-tinana me te matū o te koranu. Koinei te mea whakatau mō te mahi, te pono me te roa o te ora o te miihini. Nō reira, ko te koranu tino pai tētahi o ngā kaupapa rangahau matua i roto i ngā mara o te rererangi me te tiaki whenua i ngā whenua whakawhanake.
Ko ngā whakamahinga matua o ngā superalloys ko:
1. He koranu pāmahana teitei mō te rūma mura
Ko te rūma mura (e mōhiotia ana ko te ngongo mura) o te miihini turbine rererangi tētahi o ngā wāhanga matua o te pāmahana teitei. Nā te mea ka mahia te atomization wahie, te whakaranu hinu me te hau me ētahi atu tukanga i roto i te rūma mura, ka taea e te pāmahana mōrahi i roto i te rūma mura te eke ki te 1500 ℃ - 2000 ℃, ā, ka taea e te pāmahana pakitara i roto i te rūma mura te eke ki te 1100 ℃. I taua wā anō, ka mau hoki i te ahotea wera me te ahotea hau. Ko te nuinga o ngā miihini he ōwehenga pana/taumaha teitei e whakamahi ana i ngā rūma mura porowhita, he poto te roa me te kaha wera teitei. Ka eke te pāmahana mōrahi i roto i te rūma mura ki te 2000 ℃, ā, ka eke te pāmahana pakitara ki te 1150 ℃ i muri i te whakamatao i te kiriata hau, i te mamaoa rānei. Ka puta he ahotea wera nui i waenga i ngā wāhanga rerekē, ka piki, ka heke tere ina huri te āhua mahi. Ka pāngia te rauemi e te ru wera me te kawenga ngenge wera, ā, ka puta he hē, he pakaru me ētahi atu hapa. Ko te tikanga, he mea hanga te rūma mura ki te koranu pepa, ā, ko ngā whakaritenga hangarau e whakarāpopototia ana penei i runga i ngā tikanga ratonga o ngā wāhanga motuhake: he ātete ki te waikura me te waikura hau i raro i ngā tikanga o te whakamahi i te koranu pāmahana-tiketike me te hau; he kaha tere me te manawanui, he mahi ngenge wera me te iti o te tauwehenga whānui; he nui te kirihou me te kaha whakarewa hei whakarite i te tukatuka, te hanga me te hononga; he pai te pumau whakahaere i raro i te huringa wera hei whakarite i te mahi pono i roto i te roanga ratonga.
a. MA956 koranu whakarewa whāriki
I te tīmatanga, i hangaia te paparanga porous ki te pepa koranu HS-188 mā te hononga horapa i muri i te whakaahua, te whakairo, te haehae me te werohia. Ka taea te hanga i te paparanga o roto hei awa whakamatao pai e ai ki ngā whakaritenga hoahoa. Ko te 30% noa iho o te hau whakamatao o te whakamatao kiriata tuku iho e hiahiatia ana mō tēnei hanganga whakamatao, ka taea te whakapai ake i te pai o te huringa wera o te miihini, te whakaiti i te kaha kawe wera tuturu o te rauemi rūma mura, te whakaiti i te taumaha, me te whakanui ake i te ōwehenga pana-taumaha. I tēnei wā, me pakaru tonu te hangarau matua i mua i te whakamahinga mahi. Ko te paparanga porous i hangaia ki te MA956 he whakatupuranga hou o te rauemi rūma mura i whakaurua mai e te United States, ka taea te whakamahi i te 1300 ℃.
b. Te whakamahinga o ngā mea hanga uku i roto i te rūma mura
Kua tīmata te Hononga o Amerika ki te whakamana i te whaihua o te whakamahi i ngā uku mō ngā tāwhana hau mai i te tau 1971. I te tau 1983, kua whakatakotohia e ētahi rōpū e whai wāhi ana ki te whakawhanake i ngā rauemi matatau i te Hononga o Amerika he raupapa tohu mahi mō ngā tāwhana hau e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā waka rererangi matatau. Ko ēnei tohu ko: te whakanui ake i te pāmahana tomokanga tāwhana ki te 2200 ℃; te whakahaere i raro i te āhua mura o te tatau matū; te whakaiti i te mātotoru e whakamahia ana ki ēnei wāhanga mai i te 8g/cm3 ki te 5g/cm3; te whakakore i te whakamatao o ngā wāhanga. Hei whakatutuki i ēnei whakaritenga, ko ngā rauemi i akohia ko te karāpeti, te matihiko whakarewa, ngā hiato matihiko uku me ngā matū intermetallic hei tāpiri atu ki ngā uku kotahi-wāhanga. Ko ngā painga o ngā hiato matihiko uku (CMC) e whai ake nei:
He iti ake te tauwehenga whānui o te rauemi uku i tērā o te koranu nikara, ā, he ngāwari te tango i te paninga. Mā te hanga i ngā mea hanga uku me te huruhuru whakarewa waenga ka taea te whakakore i te hapa o te pakarukaru, arā, te ahunga whanaketanga o ngā rauemi rūma mura. Ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei rauemi me te hau whakamatao 10% - 20%, ā, ko te pāmahana o te whakamarumaru whakamuri whakarewa he tata ki te 800 ℃ anake, ā, he iti iho te pāmahana kawe wera i tērā o te whakamatao rerekē me te whakamatao kiriata. Ka whakamahia te pereki tiaki paninga uku B1900+maka superalloy i roto i te miihini V2500, ā, ko te ahunga whanaketanga ko te whakakapi i te pereki B1900 (me te paninga uku) ki te mea hanga SiC, ki te mea hanga ārai-waikura C/C rānei. Ko te mea hanga matrix uku te rauemi whanaketanga o te rūma mura miihini me te ōwehenga taumaha pana o te 15-20, ā, ko tōna pāmahana ratonga he 1538 ℃ - 1650 ℃. Ka whakamahia mō te ngongo mura, te pakitara mānu me te mura muri.
2. Koranu pāmahana teitei mō te tāpine
Ko te mata o te mīhini hau-ā-rangi tētahi o ngā wāhanga e mau ana i te taumahatanga pāmahana tino kino me te taiao mahi tino kino i roto i te mīhini hau-ā-rangi. Me mau e ia te taumahatanga nui me te uaua i raro i te pāmahana teitei, nō reira he tino uaua ngā whakaritenga rauemi. Kua wehea ngā superalloys mō ngā mata o te mīhini hau-ā-rangi ki:
a.Teitei te pāmahana o te koranu hei aratohu
Ko te whakakāhurihuri tētahi o ngā wāhanga o te mīhini tāpine e tino pāngia ana e te wera. Ina puta he mura kore taurite i roto i te rūma mura, he nui te kawenga whakamahana o te whana ārahi tuatahi, koinei te take matua mō te kino o te whana ārahi. Ko tōna pāmahana mahi he 100 ℃ teitei ake i te mata o te tāpine. Ko te rerekētanga ko ngā wāhanga tūmau kāore e pāngia e te kawenga miihini. I te nuinga o te wā, ka ngāwari te whakararu i te wera, te whakapōturi, te pakaru o te ngenge wera me te wera ā-rohe nā te huringa tere o te pāmahana. Me whai i ēnei āhuatanga te koranu whana ārahi: he kaha pāmahana teitei, he mahi ngoki pumau me te mahi ngenge wera pai, he ātete waikura me te mahi waikura wera teitei, he ātete ki te ahotea wera me te wiri, he kaha piko te whakarerekētanga, he mahi whakarewa pai me te kaha whakarewa, me te mahi tiaki paninga.
I tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o ngā miihini matatau me te ōwehenga pana/taumaha teitei e whakamahi ana i ngā mata whakarewa tuwhera, ā, ko ngā konukōrei nikara-whakaaro me te karaihe kotahi e tīpakohia ana. Ko te miihini me te ōwehenga pana-taumaha teitei he pāmahana teitei o te 1650 ℃ - 1930 ℃, ā, me tiaki e te paninga whakamahana. Ko te pāmahana ratonga o te konukōrei mata i raro i ngā tikanga whakamatao me te tiaki paninga he neke atu i te 1100 ℃, e whakatakoto ana i ngā whakaritenga hou me te teitei ake mō te utu kiato pāmahana o te rauemi mata ārahi a meake nei.
b. Ngā konukōrei nui mō ngā mata tāpoi
Ko ngā mata tāpine ngā wāhanga matua e huri ana i te wera o ngā miihini rererangi. Ko te pāmahana mahi o ēnei miihini he 50 ℃ - 100 ℃ te iti iho i ngā mata ārahi. He nui te ahotea porowhita, te ahotea wiri, te ahotea wera, te horoi hau me ētahi atu pānga i te wā e huri ana, ā, he kino ngā āhuatanga mahi. Ko te roa o te ora mahi o ngā wāhanga pito wera o te miihini me te ōwehenga pana/taumaha teitei he neke atu i te 2000h. Nō reira, me teitei te ātete ngoki me te kaha pakaru o te koranu mata tāpine i te pāmahana ratonga, he pai ngā āhuatanga whānui pāmahana teitei me te pāmahana waenga, pērā i te ngenge huringa teitei me te iti, te ngenge makariri me te wera, he nui te kirihou me te pakari pānga, me te aro ki te kohao; He teitei te ātete waikura me te ātete waikura; He pai te kawe wera me te iti o te tauwehenga o te whakawhānui raina; He pai te mahi tukanga maka; He pumau hanganga roa, kāore he rerenga wāhanga TCP i te pāmahana ratonga. E whā ngā wāhanga o te koranu e whakamahia ana; Ko ngā tono koranu kua whakarerekētia ko GH4033, GH4143, GH4118, me ētahi atu; Ko ngā whakamahinga o te whakarewa koranu ko te K403, K417, K418, K405, te koura totoka anga DZ4, DZ22, te koranu karaihe kotahi DD3, DD8, PW1484, me ētahi atu. I tēnei wā, kua whanake ki te tuatoru o ngā whakatipuranga o ngā koranu karaihe kotahi. Ko te koranu karaihe kotahi DD3 me te DD8 o Haina e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tāpine, ngā miihini turbofan, ngā hērakapeta me ngā miihini kaipuke o Haina.
3. Koranu pāmahana teitei mō te kōpae tāpine
Ko te kōpae tāpine te wāhanga tino taumaha o te mīhini tāpine e hurihuri ana. Ko te pāmahana mahi o te parirau wira o te mīhini, me te ōwehenga taumaha pana o te 8 me te 10, ka eke ki te 650 ℃ me te 750 ℃, ā, ko te pāmahana o te pokapū wira he tata ki te 300 ℃, me te rerekētanga pāmahana nui. I te wā hurihuri noa, ka akiakihia te mata kia hurihuri i te tere teitei, ā, ka mau i te kaha porotītaha mōrahi, te ahotea wera me te ahotea wiri. Ko ia tīmatanga me te mutu he huringa, he pokapū wira. Ko te korokoro, te raro awaawa me te awhi katoa e mau ana i ngā ahotea hiato rerekē. Me whai te koranu i te kaha tuku teitei rawa, te pakari pānga me te kore aro ki te koki i te pāmahana ratonga; he iti te tauwehenga whānui raina; he ātete waikura me te waikura; he pai te mahi tapahi.
4. Te whakarewatanga o te koranu rererangi
Ko te koranu nui i roto i te miihini rōkete wai ka whakamahia hei papa werowero wahie o te rūma mura i roto i te rūma pana; te tuke papu turbine, te flange, te hononga urungi karāhe, me ētahi atu. Ko te koranu pāmahana teitei i roto i te miihini rōkete wai ka whakamahia hei papa werowero rūma wahie i roto i te rūma pana; te tuke papu turbine, te flange, te hononga urungi karāhe, me ētahi atu. Ka whakamahia te GH4169 hei rauemi mō te rotor turbine, te pou, te ringaringa pou, te hononga me ētahi atu wāhanga nui o te peera.
Ko ngā rauemi hurihanga tāpine o te miihini rōkete wai o Amerika ko te nuinga o te paipa whakauru, te mata tāpine me te kōpae. Ko te koranu GH1131 te mea e whakamahia nuitia ana i Haina, ā, ko te mata tāpine e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pāmahana mahi. Me whakamahi tonu a Inconel x, Alloy713c, Astroloy me Mar-M246; ko ngā rauemi kōpae wira ko Inconel 718, Waspaloy, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā tāpine whakauru GH4169 me GH4141 te mea e whakamahia nuitia ana, ā, ko te GH2038A te mea e whakamahia ana mō te pou miihini.